Heating from a wood-burning stove in Russia rich in forests was for a long time the only way to heat a dwelling. Relatively recently, alternatives appeared - gas or electric heating, each with its own advantages, which, however, began to decline rapidly due to the unceasing growth of energy tariffs. Today, water heating in a private house from a wood-burning stove has been considered by many owners as a practical option for heating a country house, which has additional benefits.
Advantages and disadvantages of stove heating
Traditional residents prefer many stoves because it has time-tested advantages:
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Autonomy . The house does not need to be connected to additional communications, which is always costly and troublesome. The system is based on the principle of natural circulation.
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Cost savings for installation . The equipment for a stove connected to water heating is cheaper than for other heating systems.
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Availability of fuel . Firewood is a natural, common and cheap fuel in most parts of the country. There are combined furnaces that allow using coal, peat briquettes, and coke.
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Operating savings . Some stoves (long-burning structures) can significantly reduce the consumption of firewood.
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Environmental friendliness . Burning natural fuels does not harm the environment.
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Aesthetic . Modern wood stoves can become a significant part of the interior.
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Relatively low efficiency . The efficiency (efficiency) of the furnace will always be lower than the efficiency of a gas or diesel boiler. Considerable heat loss occurs through the chimney.
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Permanent maintenance . For the system to work smoothly, constant monitoring of the person is required; it is impossible to adjust automatic work, it is necessary to monitor fuel supply and waste disposal.
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Slow and uneven heating of rooms . The stove will heat well only the room where it is installed; in the far corners of a spacious house it will be noticeably colder
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Skills of using . Maintaining the combustion process in the furnace is more difficult than in the boiler.
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Location . It is necessary to allocate a place for storing a stock of firewood.
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Fire Hazard . Some parts of the structure need to be carefully insulated (which is especially important if the building is wooden). Another difficulty - burning can not be stopped instantly.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the installation of fireplaces and stoves. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visit the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".
Additional pros and cons of a system with a water circuit
A water circuit device makes it possible to distribute heat evenly throughout the dwelling. Stove heating, supplemented by a water circuit system, is characterized by improved parameters and additional benefits:
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Performance . A system with a water circuit is able to warm up a large area housing. Due to the high specific heat, water absorbs and releases a significant amount of energy, with small losses during transportation.
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Size . The water circuit has small dimensions, unlike, for example, air ducts of the air-convection system, which often remain visible.
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Multitasking . A stove for heating a house with water heating can easily cope with several tasks: maintaining a comfortable air temperature in the rooms, heating water for domestic needs and preparing food.
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Quality of the heat carrier . Water is a safe and affordable filler for the home circuit.
Water use has disadvantages due to its physical -chemical properties:
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High freezing point . If you live in a country cottage all year round, nothing threatens the water circuit. If the house is empty in winter, the water can freeze, expand and damage the system. A common way out is to drain the water (but then the corrosion of metal parts increases). The alternative, the use of antifreeze, is not suitable for all systems and radiators and requires additional cash injections.
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Composition of water . If the water circulating in the system has a high salt content, scale builds up on the internal parts and corrosion begins. You can slow down unwanted processes by adding special additives to the system. Arranging a closed system will also help extend the life of the water circuit.
It can be interesting ! In the article on the following link read about the project of heating a private house.
Water heating device
Water heating systems installed in modern buildings can be implemented in two ways. In the most common, radiator system, the rooms heat up due to all sorts of radiators (batteries). A less common form is the system of warm floors. Here, the role of heating elements is performed by pipes placed in the floor screed. The elements of any heating system with a water circuit include:
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Heat generator . A stove or fireplace with a heat exchanger that produces heat to heat the coolant.
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Heating circuit . Pipe system through which water circulates. In the system of warm floors, the pipes are at the same time a heating element.
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Heating elements . The main heating of the rooms is due to radiators; their design contributes to maximum heat release.
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Expansion tank (open or membrane). It helps to avoid damage to the system with increasing pressure.
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The circulation pump . Maintains the movement of water in the system at the proper level.
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Additional elements . Depending on the type of system, various controls and security sensors are built into it. There may also be a variety of valves and control valves.
It can be interesting! In the article on the following link read about the calculation of the power of a gas boiler for heating a private house.
The principle of operation of a water heating system
Such a system can work in two ways:
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Based on the natural (gravitational) circulation of water . The natural circulation of water becomes possible due to the fact that the proportion of cold water is greater (heavier) than hot. Such a significant difference allows cold water, which has given off heat and flowing through pipes to the heat exchanger, to displace hot water into the heating circuit. The main condition for the organization of such a system: the entry point of cold water into the heat exchanger is projected below the exit points from the radiators. To ensure that the condition was fulfilled, the heat exchanger is tried to be placed as low as possible, often in the basement.
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Based on forced water circulation . In private buildings with an area of more than 80-100 m 2 the natural circulation system becomes ineffective - it warms up for a long time and is poorly regulated. The problem is solved by embedding in front of the heat exchanger circulating pump. It provides a constant movement of water around the circuit, allows you to flexibly regulate the pressure and quickly raise or lower the heating temperature. Depending on the model, the pump may have different dimensions, be built into the circuit in different ways and make noise of different strengths.
About the features of the water-fired furnaces (PVK)
Furnaces for water-based heating of a house on wood may have a different appearance, power characteristics and additional functionality. If they are not mounted in the technical (basement, boiler room), but in a residential area (kitchen, living room), its appearance also becomes important. A modern wood stove can fit into any interior and become an ornament to the living room. According to the material of manufacture of the furnace are divided into three types:
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Brick .
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Metallic (steel or cast iron is used).
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Combined (as a rule, the metal combustion chamber is framed with a brick body).
About the visualization of the project of a water circuit stove in the following video:
can be divided by the method of burning fuel:
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Furnaces with traditional furnace . Such furnaces have a volumetric combustion chamber, where a large amount of firewood is placed.
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Pyrolysis or gas generating units . Such furnaces have a special design, thanks to which the wood burns slowly. During combustion, combustible gas accumulates, which is then burned in a separate chamber.
A specific feature of any PVC is a heat exchanger, which can be made in the form of a coil, radiator or boiler. The size and type of device affects the volume of the furnace; at the same time, the design of the heat exchanger determines the efficiency of the furnace. By organizing the heat exchanger, the furnaces are divided into three groups:
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The heat exchanger is built into the furnace and is a simple chamber (water boiler) made of sheet steel or a pipe system. This method reduces the capacity of the furnace; There is also a danger of damage (leakage or explosion due to overheating).
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Heat exchanger placed around the perimeter of the combustion chamber or in the chimney (then it is called a tubular flat register), which increases the efficiency of the system. Such PVCs are more technological, more expensive and not suitable for use in gravity systems. If there is a potential interruption in electricity, a separate power supply will be required for the circulation pump.
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Pyrolysis furnaces , where the heat exchanger is located next to the chambers filled with hot gas. The furnace equipment is distinguished by a complex device and the highest efficiency, energy is efficiently absorbed by the coolant (water), and the smoke from the furnace goes barely warm. To complete the work of pyrolysis structures is important to the quality of manufacture and the steel used in this.
About the project of the heating and cooking furnace in the following video:
It might be interesting! In the article on the following link, read about the connection diagrams of heating radiators in a private house.
Brick PVC - features of operation
Often, water heating is not only combined with a fireplace or a modern wood-burning stove. For many, the best option would be to install a classic brick kiln as a source of thermal energy. Competently expanding the possibilities of a brick furnace with the help of a water circuit, it is possible to heat up not only the nearest living rooms, but also the entire building. In order to increase the efficiency of a brick kiln, various designs of heat exchangers have been developed (coils and registers are used as them). The operation of such a system in suburban housing has features that include:
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Construction . To lay down a high-quality stove, and then install water heating, you need highly skilled masters.
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Size . The overall traditional Russian stove takes up a lot of usable space and is not placed in every kitchen. An alternative to modest-sized rooms would be a Dutch or Swedish brick oven. Such designs are characterized by smaller size, but full functionality.
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Efficiency improvement . The maximum efficiency of the furnace does not reach 50%; half of the heat (and money) disappears forever in the pipe. The device of a full-fledged water heating system allows you to increase this parameter to 80-85%, which is comparable with the characteristics of industrial production boilers operating on solid fuels.
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Inertia . Unlike electric boilers, it will take a certain amount of time to warm up the system tied to a brick kiln.
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Care . Burning wood leaves ash and dust behind. The room in which the brick oven is located will have to be cleaned frequently and carefully.
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Safety requirements . Improper operation of a brick furnace for a house with water heating is a threat not only to fire, but also carbon monoxide poisoning.
About the laying of a brick furnace with a water circuit in the following video:
Mounting the PVC
If in a country cottage a water heating system is planned from a brick stove (on wood), the heat exchanger is designed individually, for a specific stove. Such a device is practically beyond repair, so the installer is attracted to a stove professional who can professionally do all the work:
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Make the heat exchanger and double check its quality - before and after after installation.
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Mount the heat exchanger at the necessary stage (after the foundation has been completed), then continue laying, following certain rules. When mounting the heat exchanger, compensation gaps are left, leaving 1-1.5 cm to the walls of the combustion chamber. Clearances that take into account thermal expansion are also necessary when installing pipes.
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When installing a heat exchanger with pipes and for insulation , use only heat-resistant seals .
Recommendations for the placement of elements of the heating system
Elements of the heating system can hardly be called an ornament of modern interior.Only pipes that look organically in some interiors of the industrial direction can fit this definition. In general, building codes and architectural principles recommend placing parts in places that are hidden but accessible for repair and maintenance. The placement is governed by the following rules:
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The heat generator is placed in an isolated room with heating and good ventilation. In the same conditions, the circulation pump should work. Small boilers (up to 30 kW) can be installed in the kitchen, in the hallway, in the basement or in a warm heated annex. Furnaces designed for residential premises are installed subject to the rules of fire safety.
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A place for an open-type expansion tank is in the attic , the supply and assembly pipelines tend to be located along the capital wall structures.
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Main riser passes openly in corners of dwelling , in the attic it is covered with thermal insulation.
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Radiators are installed openly under window openings . They participate in room circulation by heating the cold air coming from the windows. Attempts to decorate radiators with decorative screens are undesirable because they reduce the thermal efficiency of the system.
On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most popular projects of houses from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses Low-rise Country
Conclusion
Water heating device from A wood stove is becoming an increasingly frequent choice in private house construction. A brick stove, built by a professional stove, and well-built into the system, will be an effective design that performs all the tasks assigned to it, from utilitarian to aesthetic.
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