Combined roof, types of structures, inversion and two-layer roof, exit to the roof

When choosing and arranging the combined structure, special care should be taken. The article describes the merits and classification of the combined roof. You will get acquainted with the varieties and distinctive features of beschastnyh structures, including partially and fully ventilated, horizontal and two-layer.

On the merits of the combined structures

The combined roof is a structure in which roof elements perform the function of attic floor. This engineering solution creates a single system that combines the attic and roofing space. Combined (bescherdnye) roofs are quite common in both urban and private construction; their popularity with developers is due to the following advantages:

• Saving materials and labor . There is an opportunity to save on the arrangement of a full-fledged attic and on the device truss system. The total cost of such structures is 10-15% less than traditional counterparts with garret floors.

• Installation speed . A simplified construction scheme, which does not require strict adherence to norms of SNiP, means simple and quick installation.

• Operation . It does not differ from the use of a cold (unheated) unutilized attic.

• Savings in operation . Costs in the process of use (for periodic maintenance) are one and a half times lower than those of the pitched counterpart with an attic.

Structurally, rudimentary roofs can look like this:

• Traditional sloping . The waterproofing layer protects the thermal insulator from above; The method has become widespread due to its simplicity and practicality. Solid plate insulation is a detail of the truss system.

• Inversion . A variation in which the layers of hydro and thermal insulation are arranged in the reverse order (insulation from above).

In order for the roof to properly perform its role and not require major repairs ahead of time, it is important to protect the heat-insulating layer from excessive moisture. Protection of thermal insulation is implemented in several ways; in practice, the following systems are used:

Non-ventilated

A simple type of roof, often used in technical buildings, when the heat-insulating layer is combined with the supporting structure. All layers form a complete system and fit snugly together.

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Ventilated

A common variant in private suburban construction, in which roofing panels are provided with channels or pores. Near the heater leave an air gap, allowing air to circulate freely and remove condensate. Such a device combined roof improves its thermal insulation and prevents swelling. The structure can be represented as follows:

• Bearing w / w base (plate, often hollow).

• Layer bitumen vapor barrier .

• Slab or bulk insulating layer .

• Cement or asphalt screed .

• Layer of waterproofing .

• Roll finishing (outer) coating .

Partially ventilated

The structure includes a microperforation layer that keeps it dry. It is based on a reinforced concrete plate, on which an additional layer of concrete is placed with channels 30-40 mm in diameter. The final stage of installation of the roofing carpet is the laying of the layer of the rolled finishing coating.

Variety of combined roofs in private construction

The following varieties of combined roof are common:

Horizontal

Structurally, this is a non-ventilated structure adjacent to the flooring of the house and having the following features:

• Vapor barrier plays a special role to ensure the reliability of the system , so it needs to pay special attention at the design stage.

• Exposure to sudden temperature drops . Horizontal roof is able to heat up and cool down during the change of day and night. Light gravel of the middle fraction can serve as protection for the material; a layer 5 cm thick is enough.

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There are three types of horizontal schemes: flat (suitable for suburban housing construction), combined reverse (they use thick insulation) and horizontal reverse. Flat roofs have the following features:

• Can have attic space .

• They need well-designed ventilation .

• The roofing pie consists of a supporting base, a vapor barrier PVC membrane, thermal and waterproofing, and a topcoat.

• Material selection . If the roof is designed exploited (for example, the owners want to arrange a recreation area), the insulating layer is selected solid.

Two-layer

The roofing cake uses two layers of thermal insulation, and the layer adjacent to the supporting reinforced concrete base is thicker than the top one. Both layers of insulation (often they are mineral wool plates), are protected from above by waterproofing. Such an engineering scheme solves important problems:

• Reduces the load on the entire structure and increases its service life.

• Two layers of insulation material significantly reduce the heat loss of a two-layer combined roof; This is achieved by reducing the number of cold bridges.

Design details

Design and installation of a combined roof should be done taking into account the following points:

• Flat surfaces require a slope , the value of which is regulated by the requirements of SNiP and is in the range of 2-7 ° (from 3 mm). The slope is organized using insulation or building mixture.

• The angle of inclination determines the number of thermal layers . The minimum thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 18 cm. The insulation is laid as tightly as possible; voids and cracks are unacceptable.

• The mutual arrangement of layers is determined by the type of roofing pie (traditional or inversion).

• No spare ( unused ) engineering holes are allowed.

• The device of a bescherdachny roof with an internal drain significantly improves the quality and service life of the structure. Drainage is allowed to install in any climate zone.

• The operation, maintenance and repair of the roof is greatly simplified if the design provides for an output .

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Conclusion

When installing a combined roof, it is necessary to strictly follow the technology of laying materials. Violation of the rules leads to leakage and waterlogging of the combined roof; at the same time, drying (which cannot be accelerated even with intensive heating) is delayed for several years. The result of the protracted process is damage to the surface, the formation of air and water bags and the detachment of the rolled carpet, as well as deterioration of the sanitary and hygienic conditions in the residential premises.

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